Hill hold for an electric vehicle

ABSTRACT

A method for braking an electric utility vehicle including a motor and an electromechanical brake. The method includes storing a value indicative of at least one of an amount of current, voltage, and power that is commanded to a motor of the electric utility vehicle to maintain the electric utility vehicle in a stopped state; engaging a parking brake function of an electromechanical brake after the storing; disabling the motor after the engaging; commanding the at least one of the current, voltage, and power to the motor at the stored value when an accelerator pedal is depressed; and disengaging the parking brake function after the commanding.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/926,837 filed on Oct. 29, 2007. The specification of the above application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to providing braking and acceleration for electric utility vehicles on a hill.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Utility vehicles, such as maintenance vehicles, cargo vehicles, shuttle vehicles, and golf cars can experience vehicle roll-back events during idle periods while positioned on a hill. More specifically, if the utility vehicle is idling on a surface that has a sufficient grade, the utility vehicle can be induced to roll backward once an accelerator pedal is depressed and a parking brake is released. Rather than providing a smooth start forward, there can be an initial backward movement down the hill.

Typically, in an electric utility vehicle this occurs when the motor current is not sufficient to maintain the position of the vehicle when the parking brake is released. In some cases, the limited motor current results from limited dynamic braking capability at low speeds. In other cases, the limited motor current results from a time delay for a pulse width modulated signal to build up from zero to a point that dynamic braking can occur.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, a method for braking an electric utility vehicle including a motor and an electromechanical brake is provided. The method includes storing a value indicative of at least one of an amount of current, voltage, and power that is commanded to a motor of the electric utility vehicle to maintain the electric utility vehicle in a stopped state; engaging a parking brake function of an electromechanical brake after the storing; disabling the motor after the engaging; commanding the at least one of the current, voltage, and power to the motor at the stored value when an accelerator pedal is depressed; and disengaging the parking brake function after the commanding.

In other features, a system for controlling dynamic braking of an electric utility vehicle is provided. The system includes a brake pedal position sensor, that generates a brake position signal corresponding to a position of a brake pedal. An accelerator position sensor generates an accelerator signal corresponding to a position of an accelerator pedal. A controller receives the brake position signal and the accelerator signal and provides a motor control signal to a motor based on the brake position signal and the accelerator pedal signal. The controller stores a value indicative of an amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power when the electric utility vehicle achieves a first predetermined speed. The controller generates the motor control signal in accordance with the stored value when the accelerator signal indicates a command to increase the speed of the electric utility vehicle above a second predetermined speed.

Further areas of applicability of the present teachings will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an electric utility vehicle including a hill hold system in accordance with various embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a hill hold application as performed by the hill hold system of FIG. 1, in accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, like reference numbers will be used in the drawings to identify like elements.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting, exemplary electric utility vehicle 10, including a hill hold system, in accordance with various embodiments. A motor 12 couples through an output shaft 14, such as a spline shaft, to an input, such as an input shaft, of a rear axle 16. Motor 12 can be any known electrical motor, generator, or motor generator technology, including, but not limited to AC induction machines, DC machines, synchronous machines, and switched reluctance machines. A differential 15 drives rear axle shafts 16 to drive rear driven wheels 20A and 20B. A front axle shaft 22 is coupled to front non-driven wheels 24A and 24B.

An accelerator assembly includes at least one accelerator position sensor 26 and an accelerator pedal 28. Accelerator position sensor 26 generates an accelerator signal 30 based on a sensed position of accelerator pedal 28. A brake pedal assembly includes a brake pedal 32 and a brake position sensor 34. Brake pedal position sensor 34 generates a brake signal 36 based on a sensed position of brake pedal 32. An electromechanical brake 38 couples to motor 12. A controller 40 controls electromechanical brake 38 as it acts on motor 12 based on brake signal 36.

More specifically, during drive conditions, electromechanical brake 38 can be powered by controller 40 to a released position where no braking force is applied to motor 12. When brake pedal 32 is depressed, brake pedal position sensor 34 determines a position of brake pedal 32 to vary the electrical energy applied to electromechanical brake 38 via a brake control signal 31. When brake pedal 32 is depressed to within a selectable percentage of a maximum brake pedal stroke, power to electromechanical brake 38 can be interrupted to actuate a parking or emergency brake function of the electromechanical brake 38. Details of the actuation of the parking brake function while on a hill will be discussed further below. To actuate the parking brake function, power can be removed from electromechanical brake 38 and a friction material can be spring applied to a disk of electromechanical brake 38. The springs of electromechanical brake 38 can be sized to apply a pressure to the friction material so as to provide a braking torque equal to or greater than a motor maximum dynamic torque. This action reduces the speed of motor 12 toward zero until electric utility vehicle 10 reaches zero speed or until brake pedal 32 is released.

Controller 40 can also regulate voltage, current, or power provided to motor 12 by a battery pack 42 based on at least one of accelerator signal 30 and brake signal 36. Battery pack 42 can include any known battery technology, including but not limited to lead acid, lithium ion, and lithium polymer batteries. As can be appreciated, controller 40 can be any known microprocessor, controller, or combination thereof known in the art. In various embodiments, controller 40 includes a microprocessor having read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and a central processing unit (CPU). Microprocessor can include any number of software control modules or algorithms that provide the functionality for the hill hold application of electric utility vehicle 10. In various other embodiments, controller 40 is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a combinational logic circuit or other suitable components that provide the hill hold functionality.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a flowchart illustrates various embodiments of a hill hold application as performed by the hill hold system of electric utility vehicle 10, according to various embodiments. If electric utility vehicle 10 is stopped on a hill for a selectable period of time ‘X’ at 100, a value indicative of motor current necessary to stop the vehicle on the hill is stored in memory at 110. In various embodiments, time period ‘X’ can range between 0.8 and 2.2 seconds. Otherwise, conditions of the electric utility vehicle 10 are monitored to see if the electric utility vehicle is stopped by motor 12 on a hill at 100. Once electric utility vehicle 10 has been stopped on the hill for time ‘X’ and the motor current value is stored, the parking brake function of electromechanical brake 38 is engaged at 120. Current supplied to motor 12 is then turned off at 130 to conserve power and to reduce heating in motor 12.

If accelerator signal 30 indicates that accelerator pedal 28 is then depressed at 140, current is commanded to motor 12 at the previously stored motor current at 150 and the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake 38 is disengaged at 160. Otherwise, the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake 38 remains engaged and motor current remains off at 120 and 130 respectively until the accelerator signal 30 indicates that accelerator pedal 28 has become depressed.

In various embodiments, a value indicative of at least one of a voltage, a current, or a power provided to motor 12 to stop electric utility vehicle 10 on the hill is stored. Voltage is then commanded to motor 12 at the stored voltage, current, or power when accelerator pedal 28 is depressed to maintain electric utility vehicle 10 in a stopped state on the hill after the park brake function is disabled or disengaged. In various embodiments, determining whether the electric utility vehicle 10 is stopped on a hill can be based on a vehicle speed or a torque required for maintaining electric utility vehicle 10 at the vehicle speed. In various embodiments, the hill hold application can be performed any time the electric utility vehicle 10 reaches a determined speed. In various embodiments, the hill hold application can be performed when the electric utility vehicle 10 speed reaches zero. The hill hold methods and systems as disclosed prevents the vehicle from rolling back and snapping forward when the accelerator is initially depressed after stopping on a hill.

The description herein is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of that which is described are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 

1. A method for braking an electric utility vehicle including a motor and an electromechanical brake, comprising: storing a value indicative of at least one of an amount of current, voltage, and power that is commanded to a motor of the electric utility vehicle to maintain the electric utility vehicle in a stopped state after a parking brake function is disabled or disengaged when the electric utility vehicle achieves a first predetermined speed; engaging a parking brake function of an electromechanical brake after the storing; disabling the motor after the engaging; commanding the at least one of the current, voltage, and power to the motor at the stored value when an accelerator pedal is depressed to indicate a command to increase the speed of the electric utility vehicle above a second predetermined speed; and disengaging the parking brake function after the commanding.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining when the electric utility vehicle is stopped on an incline and performing the storing, engaging, disabling, commanding, and disengaging when the electric utility vehicle is determined to be stopped on an incline.
 3. The method of claim 2, the determining comprises monitoring at least one of a speed of the electric utility vehicle and a holding torque to determine the stopped state of the electrical vehicle.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining when a parking brake function is desired based on a speed of the electric utility vehicle and the storing, engaging, disabling, commanding, and disengaging is performed when a parking brake function is desired.
 5. The method of claim 1, the storing the value comprises storing the value indicative of the at least one of the amount of the current, voltage, and power after the electric utility vehicle is stopped for a predetermined time period.
 6. The method of claim 5, the predetermined time period being in the range of 0.8 to 2.2 seconds.
 7. The system of claim 1, the first predetermined speed is approximately zero.
 8. An electric utility vehicle, comprising: an electromechanical brake that functions as a parking brake based on a speed of the electric utility vehicle; a motor that drives the electric utility vehicle; and a controller that controls the motor and the electromechanical brake, that stores a value indicative of an amount of a current provided to the motor before engaging the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake to maintain the electric utility vehicle in a stopped state after the electromechanical brake is disabled or disengaged when the electric utility vehicle achieves a first predetermined speed, and that supplies current to the motor at the stored value when the controller indicates a command to increase the speed of the electric utility vehicle above a second predetermined speed.
 9. The vehicle of claim 8, the controller configured to command the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake to engage after the electric utility vehicle comes to a stop on a hill.
 10. The vehicle of claim 9, the controller configured to determine if the electric utility vehicle is stopped on a hill based on a vehicle speed and a torque necessary to maintain a predetermined vehicle speed.
 11. The vehicle of claim 9, the controller configured to command the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake to disengage after receiving a signal indicating that an accelerator pedal is depressed and current has been restored to the motor.
 12. The vehicle of claim 8, the controller configured to command the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake to engage after the electric utility vehicle reaches a predetermined speed and remains at or below the predetermined speed for a predetermined time period.
 13. The vehicle of claim 12, the predetermined time period being in the range of 0.8 to 2.2 seconds.
 14. An electric utility vehicle, comprising: a means for electromechanical braking that functions as a parking brake based on a speed of the electric utility vehicle; a motor means that drives the electric utility vehicle; and a controller that controls the motor and the electromechanical brake, that stores a value indicative of an amount of a current provided to the motor before engaging the parking brake function of the electromechanical brake to maintain the electric utility vehicle in a stopped state after the electromechanical brake is disabled or disengaged when the electric utility vehicle achieves a first predetermined speed, and that supplies current to the motor at the stored value when the controller indicates a command to increase the speed of the electric utility vehicle above a second predetermined speed.
 15. The system of claim 14, the first predetermined speed is approximately zero. 